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Baseline testing in software testing establishes a fixed reference point for how an application behaves under normal conditions. This baseline can include performance metrics, functional outputs, or system responses from a stable build. Future versions are then compared against this benchmark to identify any deviations.

In practice, teams use this approach to:

Record performance indicators like response time and throughput

Capture expected outputs for critical workflows

Monitor system stability under standard conditions

When a new build is released, the same tests are executed and results are matched against the original baseline. Any noticeable variation - such as slower response times or unexpected output changes—signals a potential regression.

Baseline testing in software testing is particularly valuable in agile and CI/CD environments, where frequent updates increase the risk of unintended side effects. By maintaining a measurable standard, teams gain clearer visibility into whether changes improve the system or introduce hidden issues.